CLST 301- Lecture 2

Module 2 ( The basic linguistic rules)

Important notes:

1. Learn Vocab with the dashes -ous , pod- , remember these because need both parts for it to have more meaning
2. Round brackets () indicate an important part of a definition.

-cele protrusion of (an organ or other structure) that means it'll be filled in by whatever is in the brackets

You should include such information on any vocabulary quiz.

3. Square brackets [] provide further clarification or other information

-algia pain in [ no need to provide prefix for "in"]

not part of definition, just help clarify

Elements of Biological Terminology I:

1. The components

bi	("life) +
o	[a structural element without meaning] (o is a connecting vowel)
log	("the study of") +
y	[a noun-forming element]

bi - o - log - y

biology

bi	("life) +
o	[a structural element without meaning] (o is a connecting vowel)
log	("the study of") +
ist	('one who specialises in")

bi - o - log - ist

biologist

Changed the last part of it, and switched to something more specific and changed the meaning

Micro	("small")
bi	("life) +
o	[a structural element without meaning] (o is a connecting vowel)
log	("the study of") +
ist	('one who specializes in")

micro - bi - o - log - ist

microbiologist

The Components

Prefix	Root	Suffix	Termination
			*Connecting vowel

This is the order that the words will come in usually, but not always.

Root

• the core component [ may be anatomical part or a characteristic of some sort]

examples.

omphalotomy

omphal-

omphalos (navel)

android

andr-

aner,andros (man)

dermatitis, dermoid

dermat-, derm-

derma, dermatos (skin)

The reason why there are more than one is that there are more than one ways to say it in greek or latin,

it is necessary to know all permutations of each .

Different roots for the same biological structure or process are frequently found:

cheil -> greek

labi -> latin

cheiloplasty, labial

cheiloplasty means surgical processes of the lip…

NB: You need to know which is the Greek or Latin root ONLY if it is specifically mentioned in the lecture or tutorial ( as will happen, so take note). The vast majority of what will be learned is in Greek.

Suffix or Termination -> the second required component

Suffix

1. Clinical Suffix
2. Grammatical Suffix

Grammatical Suffix --> Grammatical Function

-noun

-adjective

-verb

Examples of Grammatical Suffix

• Noun-forming suffix

ophthalmia, mesopexy

• Adjectivial suffix [the largest group]

abdominal,gnathic

• Verbal Suffix

cauterize

this is the only one that creates a verb.

anything ending with ize has to have the idea of "to" ( to do something)

Clinical Suffix --> Has its own meaning, in addition to making a part of speech, they bring their own individual meaning

Examples of Clinical Suffix

dermatitis

- it is = inflammation of

cerphalocaudad

• ad = moving in a direction towards

sarcosis

• osis

Termination --> composed of root + suffix

Prefix --> the least common component (more detailed discussion later) (list of prefixes are in Module 3 vocab)

Connecting vowel - > A structural element which is inserted between some components, for the purposes of pronunciation and /or euphony. It is useful to distinguish parts, especially when they have multiple roots, and it acts to separate various sections of the word.

Generally it is the letter o and occasionally it is i .

If in doubt, always use o because 99% of the time it is o.

example

anthropologist

tonometry

angioplasty