CLST 301 - Lecture 8

Things to keep in mind when defining terms

Definitions must be

• logical
• grammatical
• take in al elements of the term.

ex. narcostat

1. an agent usd to control sleep
2. a device usd to control sleep
3. an agent used to control stupor

Definitions must be stated in idiomatic, everyday English.

ex. misogamy

1. an aversion to marriage
2. dislike or hatred of marriage
3. (not acceptable: marriage aversion]

ex. dysgeusia

1. a faulty sense of taste
2. a sense of taste which is faulty
3. an impaired sense of taste
4. [not acceptable: bad sense of taste]
5. [not acceptable: bad taste]

Module 5: Anatomical Roots: The Nervous System

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)   "brain"   [Ltn]

cerebellum (posterior part of the brain)  "little brain"

encephalon   en-cephalon   "brain"   [Greek]

Plato: "The seat of cognition is in the brain."

Aristotle: "The seat of cognition is in the heart."

dendr-    "dendrite"     ( used for thinking on a microscopic level)

dendrites    dendron ("tree") [Grk]

rhododendron   "red tree"

ganglion    pl. ganglia    "knot"  [Grk]

First use of term in reference to nervous tissue made by Galen.

gli-   "glia".   The 'glue' that holds together the brain

Greek term,  related to English glue.

thalamos       room, bedroom [ Grk]

• thalamus,   can't see it without cutting through to get into it.
• because you have do dig deeply to get to it…

hypothalam-    hypothalamus

• located below the thalamus

medull-    (Lat., from "medius" middle)

"medulla" refers to the core of any biological structure:

myel-  [Grk]   "bone marrow," "spinal cord".

mening-

meninge-

meningi-  
Meninges  <- 

Dura mater -- outer layer lining skull

Arachnoid(mater)-- contains blood vessels

Pia mater - covers brain

mater-    mother [Ltn]  (i.e. protective)

dura   "hard"   

dura mater: trans. of Arabic phrase into Latin.

arachn-   "spider web"

pia  "tender"

neur-    neuron [Grk]

nerv-    nervus [Ltn]      both mean "a substance stretched taut/tight"

neur-

neuron: originally used for all body parts with stretched, cordlike structure (tendons, sinews , nerves).

Aristotle and Galen both restricted neur- to nerves.

pont-   "pons" (= a bridge of tissue)  "pons Varolii"

pons, pontis   "bridge" [Ltn]

rhiz-,  radic- , radicul-

venter  "belly" [Ltn]

ventr-   abdomen, but in Latin it stood for belly

ventricles: "little bellies" of the brain (there are "little bellies" in the heart too)

Roots for Cognition

phob-

-phobe

-phobia    a persistent and irrational fear

important to use this exact definition, persistent and irrational

phren- *

psych-

ment-*    mind; mental activity ( don't confuse chin with mind)
If it's dealing with a structure then it's for chin.

psyche [Grk] -  "soul" "spirit" "breath of life"

Psyche: Greco-Roman goddess

Terminations

-oncus

-oma    (sing.)

-omata  (pl.)

tumour (tumor);  swelling of; abnormal mass

definition of tumour: abnormal growth of tissue which usually forms a lump

not all tumours are cancerous, but these endings are often used for cancerous tumours.

-carcinoma  

cancer  [Ltn]

karkinos (carcinos) [Grk]

used when describing a cancerous tumour

-mania

-maniac   "excessive preoccupation with"

"madness" in Greek

reminder : tutorials are 25% of the course grade.

Format of Tutorials

Every tutorial will have:

• Vocabulary Quiz (cumulative)
• usually worth 10 marks (.5 mark each)
• no partial marks

• Exercises in creating/ defining terms
• working with a partner or alone
• with or without access to notes
• mark values will vary with exercise
• no partial marks

Week of Feb 1-5 : Tutorial # 2   Lecture on Wed. Feb. 3

Week of Feb 8 - 12: Tutorial # 3 = 3 Midterm

 Midterm is cumulative: Mod. 1-6