Module- Blood and Sex
Module 7
didym- "testis" "testicle"
didymos "twin" [Grk]
orchid- "testis" "testicle" [Grk]
The flower orchid was named after the word for testicles because they looked similar
phall- [Grk]
pen- [Ltn]
"penis"
phallus: the ritualistic or artistic representation of the penis
balan- "glans penis"
comes from the greek word
balanos [Grk] which means "acorn"
vas- "vas deferens"
vas "container, vessel" [Ltn]
deferens an adjective which means "carrying down" [Ltn]
vas deferens is the "carrying down container/vessel"
colp- "vagina" <-- colp only refers to the vagina unlike sinus
kolpos [grk] "pocket" "fold"
[compare: sinus [Ltn]]
vagin- "vagina" [Ltn] stems from the meaning "sword sheath"
salping- "fallopian tube", "tube"
tub-
salpinx, salpingos [Grk]
tuba [Ltn] mean "trumpet" which has essentially the shape of the fallopian tube
salping- or tub- "for any part of the body with a tube"
o- [Grk] will be followed by a connecting vowel o. Pronounced phonetically O-Ah
ov- [Ltn] "egg"
ovar- "ovary" [Ltn]
oophor-
oophor- [Grk]
o-o-phor- ("egg-carrier" ) -pronounced O-AH-FOR
hymen "hymen"
Hymenaios God of Marriage
cervic-, trachel- "cervix [of the uterus]"
[in all gynecological or obstetrical contexts]
Adjective Roots
An adjective root is a subordinate root which immediate precedes the root or termination which it modifies.
chromatophobia: "a resistance to straining b) coloured (dyes)"
archae- (arche-) [Grk]
- "primitive" "ancient" archaeology
- "original" "first" menarche ( a woman's first period)
- "chief" "principal" arch-enemy
aut- "spontaneous" "itself" "own" "self"
** Breaks the rule for placement of adjective roots: usually at the beginning of a term (regardless of which root is being modified).
autocytolysis: "self-destruction of cells"
gymn- "naked" [Grk]
Terminations
-atresia
"absesnce of [a normal] body opening"
-genesis "formation, development, growth"
Implies the natural formation of something. Compare: gene, genetics
Genesis refers to the natural formation of something, so it's something that naturally develops,
english words such as genes and genetics are related to this idea of natural growth, something that happens
that you would normally expect it to develop within the body and the society (an idea of naturality)
-poiesis "formation or development of; act of shaping"
There is no definitive difference between -gensis and -poiesis
Not implicity natural ( but could be).
Compare: poem, poet
Poets shape and form poems, so it is something that isn't naturally formed.
-gravida "woman who is/was pregnant"
gravis "heavy, full" [Ltn]
-para "woman who has given birth n times"
primigravida first time
primipara (a woman pregnant for the first time)
vs.
unigravida once
unipara ( a woman who has been pregnant once)
Module 8
Aristotle:
The heart is a hot , dry organ, the seat of cognition, motion, and sensation.
"The heart is, as it were, the hearthstone and source of the innate heat by which the animal is governed." Galen
cardi- "heart"
cardi- + -it is = carditis (not cardiitis)
atri- "atrium" (pl. atria) "chamber" (within any part of the body)
atrium [ltn] chamber (leading to another chamber)
valv- "valve"
valvul-
General terms for blood vessels
vas-
vascul- [ltn]
angi- [ltn]
"(blood) vessel" [very often without a word for blood, but understood)]
vas "container, vessel" [ltn]
Specific blood vessels
aort- [grk] "aorta"
arteri- "artery"
arteriol- "arteriole" ( a smaller artery)
capillar- "capillary" "hair-like" [Ltn]
phleb- "vein"
ven- "vein"
venul- "venule"
varix "twisted" [Ltn]
varic- varix, a "twisted" dilated vein
ser- "serum" (yellowish, watery component) serum "whey" [Ltn]
"blood"
roots and terminations
| hem- [all grk] | -emia |
| haem- | -hemia |
| hermat- | -aemia |
| haemat | -haemia |
| sanguin-[ltn] | |
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