CLST 301 - Lecture 9

Module 6- Respiratory System; common substances

-logy    "study of"

-logical   "pertaining to the study of"

-logist  "a specialist in the study of"

dermatology  "the study of the skin"

dermatological  "pertaining to the study of the skin"

dermatologist   "a specialist in the study of the skin"

-logy  "[study]  of"

-logical "pertaining to [the study] of"

pathology

1. the study of disease
2. a condition produced by disease

would tend to choose b as the better description

pathological

1. pertaining to the study of disease
2. diseased
3. due to a disease

Anatomical Roots:  The Respiratory System

halit-   "breath"

compare:  

inhale

exhale    

halitosis   "a condition of the breath"  / "bad breath"

phren-    ,  phrenic-

1. mind
2. diaphragm

phren   [Grk]  (an organ of cognition located in the chest)

Plato though cognition was in the brain,

Aristotle though it occurred in the heart,

before them, the Greeks believed in various other organs

located in the chest which were used for thinking. One of them

was the phren, which was located right in the area where the

diaphragm exists. Thus, it's close correlation to that area connected

it to the diaphragm so it's used to represent diaphragm.

pne-     (-pnea)   <-corresponding termination

refer to the the Mechanics of Breathing

the shortest things refer to the large idea of breathing.

pneu-, pneum- ,pneumat-

refer to the gases that are exchanged,  (i.e oxygen, carbon dioxide)

pneumon-

_____

pulm-  (ltn)

pulmon-  

These are specific to the organ of respiration (the lung)

The longer the word is, the more specific it's meaning.

sin-,sinu-,sinus-      "sinus"

sinus (Latin)  "fold" "pocket"

Sinuses also located in anus, aorta, brain, bone, a leaf…

trache- 

trachus [Grk]   "rough"

The rough part of the respiratory system..

Substance Roots

acet-    "vinegar" "acid"

more likely that it's meaning is for acid

acetum [Ltn]   "sour wine"

Acetic acid, found in vinegar, was the earliest known acid.

myx-

muc-    "mucus" [noun]

vs.

myc-

mycet-       "fungus"

chol-,  chole-,  bili-

            [Grk]      [Ltn]

bile(choler)

blood                              black bile

    phlegm

chyl-   "chyle" "milky fluid in the intestine"

         [produced in the small intestine during digestion]

chym-  "chyme""gastric pulp" [thick, semi-fluid mixture which

leaves the stomach during digestion]

chylos and chymos [ Grk] "juice"

gli-   "glue"

coll-, gluten- ,  glutin-   "gelatin" , "jelly"

galact-  [Grk]

lact- [Ltn]    "milk"

galact- "milk"   a galaxy is literally "a milky thing"

kerat-, cerat-, [grk]

cornu-, corne- [ltn]    "horn"

lith-, -lith   "stone" "calculus" (pl. calculi)

formed from mineral salts in the body in the body, can be found

in the bladder, kidney, nose etc.

lith-  +-ectomy

           -ectomize

   -tomy

[location of stone] + lith + termiantoin

nephrolithotomy

"incision in the kidney to remove a stone"

[location of stone] + -lith

urolith

"calculus in the urine"

pharmac-      "drug"

pharmakon  [Grk] "drug""medicine""poison"

1. Midterms to be held during next week's tutorial
2. Practice sheet for creating and defining terms to be posted tommorow
3. release of vocab for mod 7: feb 11, mod 8: mar 2
4. first lecture after reading break: wed. mar 3

first tutorial after reading break: week of Mar.8

5. see website for details on when/where to pick up marked tutorial materials and marked midterms