Module 11 - Bodily Fluids
Anatomical Roots: The Urinary System
urin-
"urine"
"urinary tract"
"urination"
refers to the product, the act of peeing, and the tract itself
uroscopy
pyel- "renal pelvis"
(the collecting "bowl" for urine in the kidney)
cyst- "sac"
vesic- "cyst" "bladder"
These roots are not limited to the urinary system, but
can be found throughout the body. It can refer to any
cyst or sacs in the body.
Related terminations:
-ruia "condition of the urine" "urination"
[substance root] -uria: presence of X in the urine
pyuria "presence of pus in the urine"
If you have the prefix a- at the front, then the substance root,
then the root, then it's the "absence of pus in the urine"
apyuria
Anatomical Roots: The Endocrine and Lymphatic systems
adren- "adrenal gland"
ad-renal "near the kidney"
amygdal- "tonsil"
tonsill- amygdalos almond (Grk)
called an almond in Greek not because of the shape
but because when it's swollen, it has the roughness of a n almond
splen- "spleen"
lien-
melancholia "black bile" melancholy
Bodily Substances
adip-
lip-
seb-
steat- } "fat" ["oil"]
tox-
toxic-
toxon- {grk]
"poison"
ven-*
venen-
venom- (ltn)
-toxin
- substance poisonous to X (= organ/tissue)
neurotoxin: "substance poisonous to the nerves"
- poisonous substance present in X (= plant/animal)
arachnotoxin: "poisonous substance present in spiders"
anti- X-toxin
- agent used to oppose the substance poisonous to X (= organ/tissue)
antieurotoxin "agent used to oppose substance poisonous to nerves"
- agent used to oppose the poisonous substance present in X (= plant/animal)
anti-arachnotoxin "agent used to oppose poisonous substance present in spiders"
Miscellaneous Roots
aeti- "cause" [not aiti-]
eti-
"pronouced "eetee")
aetiology
etiology "cause" [not usually: "the study of the cause"]
sept- "septum"
saept-
all- "other" "another" "divergent" "alternating" {not: "all"]
allogamy "sexual union with others" [cross-fertilization]
oxy- "acute, swift,sharp,sour" [as an adjective]
Attn: make sure to differentiate adjective from noun carefully for oxy-,
Compare:
oxycalcium "oxygen and calcium compound" [oxy- as a noun]
to
oxyopsia "acute/sharp vision" [not: "vision of air"] [oxy- as an adjective]
Terminations
-agogue
- an agent used to induce…
- [an action]
- hypnagogue: "agent used to induce sleeping" - a drug you take to help you sleep
- the flow of [a substance]
- hydragogue: "agent used to induce the flow of water"
- a flow from [organ]
- cholecystagoge: "agent used to induce flow from the gallbladder"
- expulsion of [a foreign body]
- lithagoge: "agent used to induce the expulsion of a stone"
anti-X- agogue
agent used to suppress. . .
- [an action X]
- antihypnagogue: "agent used to suppress sleeping" - redbull
- the flow of [a substance x]
- antihydragogue: "agent used to suppress…."
- a flow from
- anticholecystagoge: "agent used to suppress…"
- expulsion of [foreign body X]
- antilithagogue: "agent used to suppress…"
Module 12
Roots for Animals
zo- "animal; living organism" zo on animal [Grk]
zoology (zo-o-logy) "the study of animals"
zoological garden = zoo
ichthy- "fish" "scaly" [grk]
can refer to other things that are scaly, not necessarily just fish or fish scales
pisc- "fish" [ltn]
herp- "reptile"
herpet- "snake"
"spreading blister" [herpes]
herpo "to creep" {Grk]
cortic-* "bark" "outer layer"
corticous "pertaining to bark"
cf.
corticospinal: "pertainig to the outer layer (of the brain) and the spinal cord"
corpor- "body" "corpus"
corpus "body" {ltn]
- used extensively in Eng.
- you are responsible for knowing this word as a common english word
corpus uteri "the (main) body of the uterus"
7 Important Announcements
- the final examination -held in Osborne Centre, 2.5 hours in length
- must bring UBC Student Card… final exam marked by Dr. Reid
- extended office hours in April..
- Another practice Sheet will be posted
- Etymology Assignment- you will be notified on announcement page as to when /where returned
- 10% of addition to tutorials! yay!
